KineticQuantumClockwork
"Photons never interact with each other"
Newton noticed light beams do not interfere with each other and presumed it must be particles. This simple fact has been largely ignored and Maxwell's electromagnetic theory is still taught is schools and many smart people falsely believe it to be a true picture of reality. But Yes, they were good enough for the analog era radio and tv and are still usefull. They fail in the computer age. Carver Mead, the inventor of large scale integrated circuits, is a lone voice against teaching wrong EM theory in schools. It is one thing to say here is a shortcut approximation, but it is taught as if it is the way things work, misleading everyone.
The double slit explanation says that the photon interferes with itself backwards in time, NOT EVER with other photons. There is no physical analogy of a wave that interferes with itself, in any time direction, so I find is rather odd that this is used to promote the wave nature of light. It is nothing like Maxwell's EM waves or water waves.
Todd: I hope that Einstein was right, when he suggested that the "final" explanations would be such that they could be understood without having to be a mathematician.
I think so. My own view, that light orchestrates a grid of equal momentum in state space is such a simple explanation. The exact kinetic mechanism is likely to be a bit more complicated, but certainly not as bazaar as the modern view. Feynman used the "as if" self interference idea to help understand answers to problems, he did not consider it any sort of regular interference.
"the photon's mass is constant. It's value does not wave." Todd: By conventional definition, it must be zero, right?
Well, no. The photon has no rest mass, but nether does it rest. It's total mass is related to its energy by e=m*c^2, m=h*f/c^2 and is constant. If the electric and magnetic fields waved in value as Maxwell's equations suggest, then you would measure all different values for them. Photon interactions are momentum exchanges, 100% or 0 always, sort of like a particle. The key difference is that the photon is only a momentum exchange and only exists while transfering momentum from one electron equivalent to another.
Light speed is how fast things seem to be happening locally, it does not really have any absolute speed.
If I have a one meter wide light clock I can tell time by light moving each way in about a nanosecond.
It you are travelling at high enough speed with respect to me, my clock seems slow, and it may take a second for the my light to travel the one meter according to your clock suggesting a rate of one meter per second.
The bottom line is that there is no way we can notice is the quantum clockwork is going slower or faster and if light is slow, everything is slow, even our thinking, it will not seem slow to us. There is no notion of time between discrete quantum events. If nothing happened for a thousand years between two quantum events we could not know it.
How "big" is a photon?
x=c/f
The smaller the energy (frequency) the bigger it is. They discriminate space inversely to energy.
Mead shows how Maxwell's equations emerge approximately from the clockwork action of fluxoids, the preon querks of hbar action at the bottom layer.
The action is an orthogonal matrix transformation or right angle twist which knits space and time. Mathematically this instantiates unit vectors 1 and sqrt(-1). It is the fundamental action which manifests spin in a manner much different from the classical idea of spinning. In the information model, these are bits Logically instantiating A is distinct from B. These represent the orthogonal change in unit vectors A=1, B=i=sqrt(-1) and vise versa depending on logical perspective.
Interacting querks cancel, one minus sqrt(-sqrt(-1))=-1, double, one plus sqrt(-sqrt(-1))=1, or remain orthogonal, one plus sqrt(-sqrt(-1))=j, according to logical perspective.
The logical interaction by perspective is according to a Clifford, or Lie algebra where there is communicative adding and doubling of aligned querks and a non communicative non interaction of orthogonal distinctions.
We cannot play the logic of the quantum on any playing field of fixed dimension since it defines its own dimensionality at will.
This is a complete description of how our universe works at the bottom layer on every scale. All our notions of fields and particles emerge from this simple logic at the bottom layer. It is a long road however understanding the patterns that emerge from this simple logic to manifest the world of atoms and our classical reality.
We categorize and generalize the patterns as spin networks, spinors, twistors, loops, knots, etc. A very simple and enlightening approach is in Bilson-Thompson, "A topological model of composite preons", http://www.arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0503213 The braided ribbon preons statically represent the recurring pattern of orthogonal folding associated with what we call the particles. From these we see how negative charge is manifest by right handed parity (twist) and positive by left handed.
We can easily understand how a co-oriented mirror image twist would allow opposite querks to cancel, contracting spacetime (attraction) and like aligned twists to add, expanding spacetime (repulsion).
But these patterns are not things in the ordinary sense. Bilson-Thompson's implied presumption of inherent persistence of the ribbon braiding is misleading. They are like the gliders in Conway's game of life but on a dynamical background. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_Game_of_Life Furthermore these braided patterns may have a particular identity only according to perspective as each querk has two logical independent perspectives.
The Schrodinger equation is not wrong really. Dirac showed it is consistent with quantum logic. What Dirac objected to was the renormalization process. He said it was fine and proper to throw out values that were very small, but to ignore the largest values, by tossing our the infinities, you are saying there is something very wrong with the solution.
The bottom line is that you cannot calculate exactly a continuous function of a discontinuous system. Doing so adds complexity without adding value. We can model a square wave as the infinite sum of all harmonic frequencies but that does not mean nature must go through all that trouble. We only know the wave is square by discrete orthogonal transformation can not possibly by the sum of infinite waves according to the mathematics.
We know heat does not flow like a fluid really, we know that the deterministic elastic kinetic exchange of momentum between molecules will most probably result in an even temperature distribution, or increase in entropy, according to the second law.
The second law is the result of the nature of kinetic systems, not the other way around.
There is no bases to presume it is different with quantum kinetics. Indeed, the Schrodinger equation suggests the system will tend toward equilibrium, and obey the second law. It is common to consider the quantum probabilities of having some physical fluid like substance. However, this would be redundant as in general systems theory any kinetic system must obey the second law statistically without the need for some "fluid" like heat which physically manifests the probability.
Much of the strangeness of the quantum dissolves if we admit
probabilities are not manifest, only what actually happens is manifest. Uncertainty results from fundamentally missing information, not error is quantum mechanical clockwork driven by some magical enforcement of the second law.
To understand the relative nature of time and space from the view of quantum clockwork which is apparently all that is happening in our world we need only look at the ordering of events. The ordering is nether space or time absolutely except by perspective.
Events involve two participants manifesting an instant of time by event ordering and "delay" in the spacetime fabric manifesting distance as time independence. But the interaction itself is not necessarily directed in time as the "delay" is bidirectional and there is not absolute clock. Once A and B interact, the event will NEVER be seen again. All observers agree on the ordering of events at A and at B. No clock is ever seen to tick backwards even one tick. Quantum action across space is effectively instantaneous although the ordering of the action is definite the perspective on the action is ambiguous.
In Einstein's 1905 paper, "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", he derives special relativity from the nature of electrodynamics. Clearly electrodynamics must be the effect of quantum clockwork. Despite all the faster than light fantasies his theory invoked, special relativity strictly forbids anything backward in time. It is derived from the premise that if you move clock A to clock B, clock A must always be slow by the distance over light speed. This is enviable such that A does not see events is reverse order, i.e B going backwards in time. This may be understood as A "skipping" over the quantum clockwork of events to B. Fewer events, less clocking, less clocking, slower relative clock. You can get somewhere at best in zero events, but never in a negative number of events, faster than light violates obeying quantum logical clockwork.
What is space made of?
Quantum theory tell us that it is momentum propagating in space space.
You might ask, If space is something why does it have so little effect?
Well it does have significant effect. It resists acceleration of matter. It delays momentum exchanges in quantum state by t=x/c.
But we only see energy flowing from a higher energy to a lower energy. The vacuum is the lowest energy. It cannot flow anywhere, and thus cannot be seen. We only see energy relative to the lowest energy. It is the zero point because it is the lowest.
Free energy manifest time and space while trapped (knotted) energy represent matter.
The Schrodinger equation is based on a preferred clock and is thus not relativistic.
Perturbation theory give stochastic results whereas the relativistic effect are purely deterministic.
The indeterminacy of time in quantum theory allows for peaceful coexistence of independent state spaces with relative spacetime.
According to experiment, both transformation of quantum state, and special relativity are obeyed. Dirac pasted them together such that we can relate relative state spaces.
The part that seems missing, is how out of all the possibilities is relativity obeyed.
To my satisfaction, Cramer and Mead have illuminated the mechanism of collective electrodynamics and Einstein, Schrodinger and Bell are dancing in their graves because determinism has been vindicated.
Matter, Energy, Time and Space are all locally related by constants resulting from changes in quantum state due to orthogonal transformations.
As Feynman stated clearly, nothing in the quantum behaves like particles or waves. But legacy science deals with particles and waves, so we use the analogies.
In my view, this does more to cloud the issues than it does to illuminate them. There is only quantum nature, no dual particle-wave nature. It is sort of like saying a bus is both a car and a train.
Quantum potentials fold orthogonally in spin networks. This is a kinetic process, but not like particles or waves. It is more like a sort of clockwork.
Photons never interact with each other, so they don't act like waves. They do fold four times each wavelength in a repeating cycle. All they have in common with waves is that they repeat at distance inversely to their energy.
Like a particle, the photons mass is constant. It's value does not wave. But it has no other known attribute in common with a particle. Hidden variables (local attributes) have been excluded in quantum theory.
We call it a particle if we see mass, energy if we see a wave, time if it is a delay, and space if it discriminates a distance. All that is absolute is the quantum action. Our interpretation that it is a particle is only a relative interpretation. Particles such as photons and electrons lack absolute identity as they are explicitly only relative perceptions as momentum is relative by nature.
"The Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation arises in a variety of settings. It arises as a governing equation for the amplitude of the first harmonic of a solution to most nonlinear wave equations. These include, but are not limited to, Maxwell's equations for EM waves, Euler's equations for fluid flow, the Sine-Gordon equation, and the Kortweg-de-Vries equation. For the derivation, see Johnson's "An Modern Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Water Waves". "
http://www.math.wisc.edu/~akers/Research.html
My view is that it is a simple expression of the second law of thermodynamics for transformation in quantum state with a bases in general systems theory that systems tend toward equilibrium.
It works, because equal but opposite potentials cancel collaboratively. And nothing else happens.
The uncertainty equality is consistent with random population sampling as shown by tHooft.
Science, to me is what we know. I think we agree that uncertainty, like probabilities, have no physical existence.
Uncertainty is certain in systems where information is certainly missing. That is most of the time, but not all of the time, so uncertainty is not certain.
objects only exist by degree, by the sum of their interactions. The frequency of interaction manifests both the mass of the object (m=h*f/c^2) and the de Broglie wave length due to relative velocity times that frequency (distance per interaction with our world), accounting for quantum tunneling.
It is more like the clock rate of quantum computation of a quantum logical system, but that is essentially what physics turns out to be.
why do electrons spiral around magnetic field lines, when the electromagnetic interaction is purely mediated by exchanges of photons between charges?
Einstein explained the magnetic effect as a result of special relativity and the electric force. It is clearly a consequence of the electric force.
Clearly there is no independent magnetic forces which are actualized in any manner or the electric force would not work.
What is exchanged between particles is momentum, only when there is interaction, there are no tiny fields effects that are manifest except as probabilities that are not realized.
If you view the universe as an information system, they it would be expected to exhibit entropy, and entropy in time spacetime in not distinguishable from gravity.
Quantum mechanics allows for no fields or forces. there is no magic at a distance outside the perfect exchange of momentum over any distance without noise or other influence.
Simple rules generate complex systems. Storms on the sun (sunspots) or on earth, or on quantum systems, are not predictable, but that does not mean they do not happen for a reason, or in cycles.
Magnetism is the result of an imbalance of up and down electrons because only electrons of opposite spin manifest independent state in state space and hence spacetime. There is no need for magical influences at a distance, just resonant spokes of equal momentums manifesting state space and hence spacetime.
Consider the simplest case from the standpoint of matrix mechanics.
Consider a spin up hydrogen atom. It may equally be considered to be a magnet or a charge since the action is the same in this simple case.
It has 100% spin up electrons so it acts as a perfect magnet. As
spin is relative to perspective, it is 100% spin down from the opposite perspective.
Now consider a passing spin up electron. In the vacuum soup of virtual electrons and positrons the electron occupies state twisting right/overhanded in state space in spin network by orthogonal matrix transformation.
There are numerous ways to describe the interaction, let me try sligthtly different angle.
If there is resonance between the up electron of the atom and the passing electron occupying equal perceived in phase momentum states, there is an exclusion event which acts as a nand delay, which defines independent state by orthogonal transformations demonstrating the exclusion principle and resulting in a momentum exchange.
The matrix transformations expand defined state space exhibiting spacetime increase between the atom and the electron, displacing each of them into a new rest frame moving away from each other, hence repulsion.
Now consider a passing down electron, as I had suggested, the repulsion of up electrons by the atom will leave holes for the down electron to fall in to. This is because up and down momentum can occupy the same state. No independent state defined. No matrix transformation takes place. As state space is only fleetingly manifest, they absents of resonance at any frequency will fail to sustain state space actualization at that momentum level and contraction spacetime is apparent when state space is not actualized by events.
Mathematician like to consider the matrices as representing linear equations. However, the crossing of quantum state matrices is non communicative, hence non linear.
We still try to associate fields with them, but it only works for representing single perspectives, yielding a distinct gauge theory. It appears a unified field theory is not possible, the greatest minds have tried and failed. On the surface, it seems like an unsolvable problem. There is no general solution to a set of non linear equations.
The simple answer is to not bother trying to associate fields with the state matrices. Do not consider any metaphysical understanding except discrete quantum Hilbert state space occupied by discretely propagating momentum in multiples of hbar. The matrix mechanics gets the right answers so perfectly that deeper structure is not testable and not really science in my view.